1. Download the Windows Memory Diagnostic (See 'Resources').
2. Copy the program to a blank USB flash drive. Leave the flash drive plugged into the USB port.

3. Restart your computer. It should boot from the USB drive. The Windows Memory Diagnostic will run through its first pass. If the first pass detects errors, something has damaged your hardware. Otherwise, it will run additional passes indefinitely.
4. Exit the test during a later pass. According to Microsoft, the subsequent passes rarely find errors if the first does not.
5. Remove the flash drive and restart your computer.