1. Click the 'Start' menu and launch 'My Computer.' Right click the hard disk in question and launch the 'Properties' menu.
2. Browse to the 'Tools' tab. Click 'Check Now' within the 'Error-Checking' field.

3. Enable the 'Automatically fix file system errors' checkbox. Also, enable 'Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors.' These options will attempt to recover any corrupted data as well as bad hard disk sections.
4. Click 'Start' to initialize the procedure. In the event your hard disk is in use, Windows 7 will ask if you wish to check for hard disk errors the next time your computer is restarted. Click 'Schedule Disk Check' to reschedule this procedure for a later time.