1. Click 'Start.' Then type 'cmd' into the 'Start Search' box.
2. Right-click on 'cmd.exe' located in the Programs list. Then, choose 'Run as Administrator.' The user may be prompted to enter the administrator password.

3. Type 'Chkdsk /R' in the command prompt, followed by the drive that needs to be checked. For example, 'Chkdsk /R C:.' Hit the 'Enter' key.
4. Hit 'Y' when prompted to perform a disk check when the computer restarts.
5. Close all applications. Then, restart the computer. During the restart, Vista will check the disk for errors.
6. Repeat Steps 1 through 5 for each drive on the computer.